Originally planning to become a lawyer, Billy Wilder abandoned that career in favor of working as a reporter for a Viennese newspaper, using this experience to move to Berlin, where he worked for the city's largest tabloid. He broke into films as a screenwriter in 1929, and wrote scripts for many German films until Adolf Hitler came to power in 1933. Wilder immediately realized his Jewish ancestry would cause problems, so he emigrated to Paris, then the US. Although he spoke no English when he arrived in Hollywood, Wilder was a fast learner, and thanks to contacts such as Peter Lorre (with whom he shared an apartment), he was able to break into American films. His partnership with Charles Brackett started in 1938 and the team was responsible for writing some of Hollywood's classic comedies, including Ninotchka (1939) and Boule de feu (1941). The partnership expanded into a producer-director one in 1942, with Brackett producing, and the two turned out such classics as Les cinq secrets du désert (1943), Le poison (1945) (Oscars for Best Picture, Director and Screenplay) and Boulevard du Crépuscule (1950) (Oscars for Best Screenplay), after which the partnership dissolved. (Wilder had already made one film, Assurance sur la mort (1944) without Brackett, as the latter had refused to work on a film he felt dealt with such disreputable characters.) Wilder's subsequent self-produced films would become more caustic and cynical, notably Le gouffre aux chimères (1951), though he also produced such sublime comedies as Certains l'aiment chaud (1959) and La garçonnière (1960) (which won him Best Picture and Director Oscars). He retired in 1981.
