Eldred Gregory Peck was born in La Jolla, California, to Bernice Mary (Ayres) and Gregory Pearl Peck, a chemist and druggist in San Diego. He had Irish (from his paternal grandmother), English, and some German, ancestry. His parents divorced when he was five years old. An only child, he was sent to live with his grandmother. He never felt he had a stable childhood. His fondest memories are of his grandmother taking him to the movies every week and of his dog, which followed him everywhere. He studied pre-med at UC-Berkeley and, while there, got bitten by the acting bug and decided to change the focus of his studies. He enrolled in the Neighborhood Playhouse in New York and debuted on Broadway after graduation. His debut was in Emlyn Williams' play "The Morning Star" (1942). By 1943 he was in Hollywood, where he debuted in the RKO film Jours de gloire (1944).
Stardom came with his next film, Les clés du royaume (1944), for which he was nominated for an Academy Award. Peck's screen presence displayed the qualities for which he became well known. He was tall, rugged and heroic, with a basic decency that transcended his roles. He appeared in Alfred Hitchcock's La maison du docteur Edwardes (1945) as an amnesia victim accused of murder. In Jody et le faon (1946), he was again nominated for an Academy Award and won the Golden Globe. He was especially effective in westerns and appeared in such varied fare as David O. Selznick's critically blasted Duel au soleil (1946), the somewhat better received La ville abandonnée (1948) and the acclaimed La cible humaine (1950). He was nominated again for the Academy Award for his roles in Le mur invisible (1947), which dealt with anti-Semitism, and Un homme de fer (1949), a story of high-level stress in an Air Force bomber unit in World War II.
With a string of hits to his credit, Peck made the decision to only work in films that interested him. He continued to appear as the heroic, larger-than-life figures in such films as Capitaine sans peur (1951) and Moby Dick (1956). He worked with Audrey Hepburn in her debut film, Vacances romaines (1953). Peck finally won the Oscar, after four nominations, for his performance as lawyer Atticus Finch in Du silence et des ombres... (1962). In the early 1960s he appeared in two darker films than he usually made, Les nerfs à vif (1962) and Le combat du Capitaine Newman (1963), which dealt with the way people live. He also gave a powerful performance as Capt. Keith Mallory in Les canons de Navarone (1961), one of the biggest box-office hits of that year.
In the early 1970s he produced two films, The Trial of the Catonsville Nine (1972) and The Dove (1974), when his film career stalled. He made a comeback playing, somewhat woodenly, Robert Thorn in the horror film La malédiction (1976). After that, he returned to the bigger-than-life roles he was best known for, such as MacArthur, le général rebelle (1977) and the monstrous Nazi Dr. Josef Mengele in the huge hit Ces garçons qui venaient du Brésil (1978). In the 1980s he moved into television with the mini-series The Blue and the Gray (1982) and Le pourpre et le noir (1983). In 1991 he appeared in the remake of his 1962 film, playing a different part, in Martin Scorsese's Les nerfs à vif (1991). He was also cast as the progressive-thinking owner of a wire and cable business in Larry le liquidateur (1991).
In 1967 Peck received the Academy's Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Award. He was also been awarded the US Presidential Medal of Freedom. Always politically progressive, Peck was active in such causes as anti-war protests, workers' rights and civil rights. He died in June 2003, aged 87.
